8-K
false000130820800013082082023-04-262023-04-26

 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 8-K

 

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): April 26, 2023

 

 

Universal Logistics Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

Michigan

0-51142

38-3640097

(State or Other Jurisdiction
of Incorporation)

(Commission File Number)

(IRS Employer
Identification No.)

 

 

 

 

 

12755 E. Nine Mile Road

 

Warren, Michigan

 

48089

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

 

(Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: 586 920-0100

 

 

(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)

 

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class

 

Trading
Symbol(s)

 


Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, no par value

 

ULH

 

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

 

 


Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

On April 27, 2023, Universal Logistics Holdings, Inc. (the "Company") issued a press release announcing its financial and operating results for the thirteen weeks ended April 1, 2023, a copy of which is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Form 8-K.

Item 5.02 Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.

On April 26, 2023, the Company’s board of directors elected Marcus D. Hudson as a director of the Company effective April 27, 2023 until its next annual meeting of shareholders. There are no arrangements or understandings between Mr. Hudson and any other person pursuant to which Mr. Hudson was selected as a director. There are no transactions since the beginning of the Company’s last fiscal year, or any currently proposed transactions, in which the Company was or is to be a participant and in which Mr. Hudson or any member of his immediate family has a direct or indirect material interest. Mr. Hudson is entitled to receive the same compensation for service as a director as is provided to other non-employee directors of the Company, as described in more detail in the Company’s proxy statement dated March 31, 2023 under the heading “Director Compensation.” Additionally, Mr. Hudson is not currently expected to be appointed to any committees of the board of directors during 2023.

Item 5.07 Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

The following proposals were submitted to Universal’s shareholders at the 2023 annual meeting of shareholders held on April 26, 2023:
 

1.
The election of ten directors to hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders or until their respective successors have been duly elected and qualified.
2.
The approval on an advisory basis of the 2022 compensation awarded to our named executive officers.
3.
The frequency of future shareholder advisory votes regarding compensation awarded to our named executive officers.
4.
The ratification of Grant Thornton LLP as Universal’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023.

For more information about the foregoing proposals, see our proxy statement dated March 31, 2023. The number of votes cast for and against, and the number of abstentions and non-votes with respect to each matter voted upon are set forth below:

Election of Directors

 

Nominee

For

Withheld

Grant E. Belanger

21,043,966

 

 

 

4,181,558

 

Frederick P. Calderone

20,921,816

 

 

 

4,303,708

 

Daniel J. Deane

21,013,618

 

 

 

4,211,906

 

Clarence W. Gooden

21,697,425

 

 

 

3,528,099

Matthew J. Moroun

20,394,781

 

 

 

4,830,743

 

Matthew T. Moroun

20,034,907

 

 

 

5,190,617

 

Tim Phillips

20,364,039

 

 

 

4,861,485

 

Michael A. Regan

21,697,233

 

 

 

3,528,291

 

Richard P. Urban

20,428,320

 

 

 

4,797,204

 

H.E. “Scott” Wolfe

20,904,733

 

 

 

4,320,791

 

 

There were 533,920 broker non-votes with respect to this proposal.

The ten nominees were elected to the board of directors and will serve as directors until our next annual meeting or until their respective successors are elected and qualified.

Advisory Vote on the 2022 Compensation of our Named Executive Officers

The results of the voting were 25,040,757 votes for, 172,655 votes against, 12,112 abstentions, and 533,920 non-votes. The 2022 compensation awarded to Universal’s named executive officers was approved.


Frequency of Future Shareholder Advisory Votes Regarding Compensation Awarded to Named Executive Officers

The results of the voting were 20,325,848 votes for every three years, 14,966 votes for every two years, 4,876,358 votes for every one year, 8,352 abstentions, and no non-votes. The frequency that received the highest number of votes (three years) was deemed to be the frequency selected by our shareholders. Universal’s board of directors has determined that future shareholder advisory votes on executive compensation will occur every three years. Accordingly, the next shareholder advisory vote on executive compensation will be held at the Company’s 2026 annual meeting of shareholders. The next required shareholder advisory vote regarding the frequency interval will be held in six years at the Company’s 2029 annual meeting of shareholders.

Ratification of Grant Thornton LLP as Universal’s Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The results of the voting were 25,682,144 votes for, 76,648 votes against, and 652 abstentions. There were no non-votes on this matter. The appointment of Grant Thornton was ratified.

Item 7.01 Regulation FD Disclosure.

On April 27, 2023, the Company issued a press release announcing that the Company’s board of directors declared a cash dividend of $0.105 per share of common stock. The dividend is payable on July 3, 2023 to shareholders of record on June 5, 2023. A copy of the press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Form 8-K.

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.

99.1

Press Release dated April 27, 2023.

 

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL)

 

 

 


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

 

 

UNIVERSAL LOGISTICS HOLDINGS, INC.

 

 

 

 

Date:

April 27, 2023

By:

/s/ Steven Fitzpatrick

 

 

 

Steven Fitzpatrick
Secretary

 


EX-99

 

Exhibit 99.1

https://cdn.kscope.io/5cd47318f38968d9bcedf41cb09c4bc4-img73119764_0.jpg 

Universal Logistics Holdings Reports First Quarter 2023 Financial Results; Declares Dividend

-
First Quarter 2023 Operating Revenues: $437.4 million, 16.5% decrease
-
First Quarter 2023 Operating Income: $38.2 million, 34.0% decrease
-
First Quarter 2023 Earnings Per Share: $0.95 per share, 39.1% decrease
-
Declares Quarterly Dividend: $0.105 per share

Warren, MI – April 27, 2023 — Universal Logistics Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: ULH) today reported consolidated first quarter 2023 net income of $24.9 million, or $0.95 per basic and diluted share, on total operating revenues of $437.4 million. This compares to net income of $42.0 million, or $1.56 per basic and diluted share, during first quarter 2022 on total operating revenues of $523.9 million.

In the first quarter 2023, Universal’s operating income decreased $19.6 million to $38.2 million, compared to $57.8 million in the first quarter one year earlier. Universal’s first quarter 2023 operating results were negatively impacted by a $1.2 million pre-tax charge for settlement of an auto liability claim in excess of policy limits. As a percentage of operating revenue, operating margin for the first quarter 2023 was 8.7%, compared to 11.0% during the same period last year. EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, decreased $18.3 million during the first quarter 2023 to $56.7 million, compared to $75.0 million one year earlier. As a percentage of operating revenue, EBITDA margin for the first quarter 2023 was 13.0%, compared to 14.3% during the same period last year.

“Given an extremely challenging transportation backdrop, I am encouraged by the solid operating results Universal reported in the first quarter of 2023,” stated Universal’s CEO Tim Phillips. “Our diversification strategy is increasingly evident during a transportation down-cycle as our contract logistics segment was the cornerstone of Universal's financial performance in the first quarter. We continue to experience robust demand in our contract logistics segment, particularly in support of North American automotive production, and we anticipate firm demand through the remainder of the year. Our intermodal, trucking and company-managed brokerage segments experienced broad declines as weak import volumes, elevated inventory levels and excess capacity contributed to downward pressure on freight volumes and rates. While there are clearly headwinds in the transportation space, we believe our business model is sound, and we are well positioned when a recovery in the freight cycle begins.”

Segment Information:

Contract Logistics

-
First Quarter 2023 Operating Revenues: $211.3 million, 4.8% increase
-
First Quarter 2023 Operating Income: $27.8 million, 13.1% operating margin

In the contract logistics segment, which includes our value-added and dedicated services, first quarter 2023 operating revenues increased 4.8% to $211.3 million, compared to $201.6 million for the same period last year. At the end of the first quarter 2023, we managed 65 value-added programs compared to 63 at the end of the first quarter 2022. Included in contract logistics segment revenues were $9.7 million in separately identified fuel surcharges from dedicated transportation services, compared to $8.8 million during the same period last year. First quarter 2023 income from operations increased $4.3 million to $27.8 million, compared to $23.5 million during the same period last year. As a percentage of revenue, operating margin in the contract logistics segment for the first quarter 2023 was 13.1%, compared to 11.6% during the same period last year.

 


 

Intermodal

-
First Quarter 2023 Operating Revenues: $111.0 million, 29.6% decrease
-
First Quarter 2023 Operating Income: $6.8 million, 6.1% operating margin

Operating revenues in the intermodal segment decreased 29.6% to $111.0 million in the first quarter 2023, compared to $157.6 million for the same period last year. Included in intermodal segment revenues for the recently completed quarter were $17.1 million in separately identified fuel surcharges, compared to $18.2 million during the same period last year. Intermodal segment revenues also include other accessorial charges such as detention, demurrage and storage, which totaled $26.0 million during the first quarter 2023, compared to $36.2 million one year earlier. The average operating revenue per load, excluding fuel surcharges, decreased 18.7% and load volumes fell an additional 20.7% on a year-over-year basis. First quarter 2023 income from operations decreased $16.2 million to $6.8 million, compared to $23.0 million during the same period last year. As a percentage of revenue, operating margin in the intermodal segment for the first quarter 2023 was 6.1%, compared to 14.6% one year earlier.

Trucking

-
First Quarter 2023 Operating Revenues: $79.7 million, 18.2% decrease
-
First Quarter 2023 Operating Income: $3.8 million, 4.8% operating margin

In the trucking segment, first quarter 2023 operating revenues decreased 18.2% to $79.7 million, compared to $97.5 million for the same period last year. First quarter 2023 trucking segment revenues included $34.7 million of brokerage services, compared to $42.0 million during the same period last year. Also included in our trucking segment revenues were $7.2 million in separately identified fuel surcharges during the first quarter 2023, compared to $7.5 million in fuel surcharges during the same period last year. On a year-over-year basis, the average operating revenue per load, excluding fuel surcharges, decreased 8.8% and load volumes declined 11.8%. Income from operations in the first quarter 2023 decreased $3.6 million to $3.8 million compared to $7.4 million during the same period last year. As a percentage of revenue, operating margin in the trucking segment for the first quarter 2023 was 4.8% compared to 7.6% during the same period last year.

Company-managed Brokerage

-
First Quarter 2023 Operating Revenues: $34.0 million, 47.9% decrease
-
First Quarter 2023 Operating (Loss): $(0.4) million, (1.1)% operating margin

First quarter 2023 operating revenues in the company-managed brokerage segment decreased 47.9% to $34.0 million compared to $65.2 million for the same period last year. On a year-over-year basis, average operating revenue per load and load volumes in the company-managed brokerage segment decreased 22.1% and 18.9%, respectively. In the first quarter 2023, the company-managed brokerage segment experienced an operating loss of $(0.4) million compared to operating income of $3.9 million one year earlier. The first quarter 2023 operating results included a $1.2 million charge for settlement of an auto liability claim in excess of policy limits. As a percentage of revenue, operating margin for the first quarter 2023 was (1.1)% compared to 5.9% during the same period last year. The claims charge recorded in the first quarter 2023 adversely impacted the company-managed brokerage segment’s operating margin by 350 basis points.

Cash Dividend

Universal Logistics Holdings, Inc. also announced today that its Board of Directors has declared a cash dividend of $0.105 per share of common stock. The dividend is payable to shareholders of record at the close of business on June 5, 2023 and is expected to be paid on July 3, 2023.

 


 

Other Matters

As of April 1, 2023, Universal held cash and cash equivalents totaling $76.8 million, and $10.0 million in marketable securities. Outstanding debt at the end of the first quarter 2023 was $381.9 million and capital expenditures totaled $31.3 million.

Universal calculates and reports selected financial metrics not only for purposes of our lending arrangements but also in an effort to isolate and exclude the impact of non-operating expenses related to our corporate development activities. These statistics are described in more detail below in the section captioned “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

Conference call:

We invite investors and analysts to our quarterly earnings conference call.

 

Quarterly Earnings Conference Call Dial-in Details:

Time:

10:00 a.m. Eastern Time

Date:

Friday, April 28, 2023

Call Toll Free:

(877) 270-2148

International Dial-in:

+1 (412) 902-6510

A replay of the conference call will be available through May 5, 2023, by calling (877) 344-7529 (toll free) or +1 (412) 317-0088 (toll) and using encore replay code 2912510. The call will also be available on investors.universallogistics.com.

 

Source: Universal Logistics Holdings, Inc.

 

For Further Information:

Steven Fitzpatrick, Investor Relations

SFitzpatrick@UniversalLogistics.com

About Universal:

Universal Logistics Holdings, Inc. (“Universal”) is a holding company that owns subsidiaries engaged in providing a variety of customized transportation and logistics solutions throughout the United States, and in Mexico, Canada and Colombia. Our operating subsidiaries provide customers with supply chain solutions that can be scaled to meet their changing demands and volumes. Universal’s consolidated subsidiaries offer customers a broad array of services across the entire supply chain, including truckload, brokerage, intermodal, dedicated, and value-added services. In this press release, the terms “us,” “we,” “our,” or the “Company” refer to Universal and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Forward Looking Statements

Some of the statements contained in this press release might be considered forward-looking statements. These statements identify prospective information. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as: “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “prospect,” “seek,” “believe,” “targets,” “project,” “estimate,” “future,” “likely,” “may,” “should” and similar references to future periods. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time and/or management’s good faith belief with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in the statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations described. Additional information about the factors that may adversely affect these forward-looking statements is contained in Universal’s reports and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Universal assumes no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking information except to the extent required by applicable securities laws.

 


 

UNIVERSAL LOGISTICS HOLDINGS, INC.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(In thousands, except per share data)

 

 

 

Thirteen Weeks Ended

 

 

 

April 1,

 

 

April 2,

 

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

Operating revenues:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Truckload services

 

$

46,401

 

 

$

57,483

 

Brokerage services

 

 

68,673

 

 

 

107,172

 

Intermodal services

 

 

111,026

 

 

 

157,613

 

Dedicated services

 

 

85,232

 

 

 

75,487

 

Value-added services

 

 

126,064

 

 

 

126,106

 

Total operating revenues

 

 

437,396

 

 

 

523,861

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Purchased transportation and equipment rent

 

 

156,085

 

 

 

232,131

 

Direct personnel and related benefits

 

 

139,752

 

 

 

136,667

 

Operating supplies and expenses

 

 

46,189

 

 

 

42,124

 

Commission expense

 

 

8,172

 

 

 

10,024

 

Occupancy expense

 

 

11,152

 

 

 

10,195

 

General and administrative

 

 

11,256

 

 

 

10,063

 

Insurance and claims

 

 

8,079

 

 

 

8,581

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

 

18,515

 

 

 

16,228

 

Total operating expenses

 

 

399,200

 

 

 

466,013

 

Income from operations

 

 

38,196

 

 

 

57,848

 

Interest expense, net

 

 

(4,975

)

 

 

(2,433

)

Other non-operating income

 

 

15

 

 

 

953

 

Income before income taxes

 

 

33,236

 

 

 

56,368

 

Provision for income taxes

 

 

8,360

 

 

 

14,360

 

Net income

 

$

24,876

 

 

$

42,008

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings per common share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

0.95

 

 

$

1.56

 

Diluted

 

$

0.95

 

 

$

1.56

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

 

26,281

 

 

 

26,864

 

Diluted

 

 

26,314

 

 

 

26,865

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dividends declared per common share:

 

$

0.105

 

 

$

0.105

 

 

 


 

UNIVERSAL LOGISTICS HOLDINGS, INC.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands)

 

 

 

April 1,
2023

 

 

December 31,
2022

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

76,775

 

 

$

47,181

 

Marketable securities

 

 

9,987

 

 

 

10,000

 

Accounts receivable - net

 

 

332,407

 

 

 

350,720

 

Other current assets

 

 

54,657

 

 

 

51,751

 

Total current assets

 

 

473,826

 

 

 

459,652

 

Property and equipment - net

 

 

406,473

 

 

 

391,154

 

Other long-term assets - net

 

 

355,001

 

 

 

352,872

 

Total assets

 

$

1,235,300

 

 

$

1,203,678

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities and shareholders' equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities, excluding current maturities of debt

 

$

232,759

 

 

$

221,598

 

Debt - net

 

 

377,724

 

 

 

378,500

 

Other long-term liabilities

 

 

156,518

 

 

 

156,650

 

Total liabilities

 

 

767,001

 

 

 

756,748

 

Total shareholders' equity

 

 

468,299

 

 

 

446,930

 

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

 

$

1,235,300

 

 

$

1,203,678

 

 

 


 

UNIVERSAL LOGISTICS HOLDINGS, INC.

Unaudited Summary of Operating Data

 

 

 

Thirteen Weeks Ended

 

 

 

April 1,

 

 

April 2,

 

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

Contract Logistics Segment:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Average number of value-added direct employees

 

 

5,494

 

 

 

5,096

 

Average number of value-added full-time equivalents

 

 

812

 

 

 

1,584

 

Number of active value-added programs

 

 

65

 

 

 

63

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Intermodal Segment:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of loads

 

 

122,299

 

 

 

154,207

 

Average operating revenue per load, excluding fuel surcharges

 

$

567

 

 

$

697

 

Average number of tractors

 

 

2,123

 

 

 

2,124

 

Number of depots

 

 

9

 

 

 

12

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Trucking Segment:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of loads

 

 

44,855

 

 

 

50,860

 

Average operating revenue per load, excluding fuel surcharges

 

$

1,607

 

 

$

1,762

 

Average length of haul

 

 

399

 

 

 

403

 

Average number of tractors

 

 

894

 

 

 

1,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Company-Managed Brokerage Segment:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of loads (a)

 

 

19,956

 

 

 

24,610

 

Average operating revenue per load (a)

 

$

1,696

 

 

$

2,176

 

Average length of haul (a)

 

 

619

 

 

 

574

 

(a) Excludes operating data from freight forwarding division in order to improve the relevance of the statistical data related to our brokerage services and improve the comparability to our peer companies.

 


 

UNIVERSAL LOGISTICS HOLDINGS, INC.

Unaudited Summary of Operating Data - Continued

(Dollars in thousands)

 

 

 

Thirteen Weeks Ended

 

 

 

April 1,

 

 

April 2,

 

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

Operating Revenues by Segment:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contract logistics

 

$

211,296

 

 

$

201,593

 

Intermodal

 

 

111,026

 

 

 

157,613

 

Trucking

 

 

79,715

 

 

 

97,485

 

Company-managed brokerage

 

 

33,956

 

 

 

65,206

 

Other

 

 

1,403

 

 

 

1,964

 

Total

 

$

437,396

 

 

$

523,861

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income from Operations by Segment:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contract logistics

 

$

27,781

 

 

$

23,475

 

Intermodal

 

 

6,812

 

 

 

23,010

 

Trucking

 

 

3,789

 

 

 

7,419

 

Company-managed brokerage

 

 

(375

)

 

 

3,863

 

Other

 

 

189

 

 

 

81

 

Total

 

$

38,196

 

 

$

57,848

 

 

 

 


 

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to providing consolidated financial statements based on generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP), we are providing additional financial measures that are not required by or prepared in accordance with GAAP (non-GAAP). We present EBITDA and EBITDA margin, each a non-GAAP measure, as supplemental measures of our performance. We define EBITDA as net income plus (i) interest expense, net, (ii) income taxes, (iii) depreciation, and (iv) amortization. We define EBITDA margin as EBITDA as a percentage of total operating revenues. You are encouraged to evaluate these adjustments and the reasons we consider them appropriate for supplemental analysis.

In accordance with the requirements of Regulation G issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission, we are presenting the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure and reconciling the non-GAAP financial measure to the comparable GAAP measure. Set forth below is a reconciliation of net income, the most comparable GAAP measure, to EBITDA for each of the periods indicated:

 

 

Thirteen Weeks Ended

 

 

 

April 1,

 

 

April 2,

 

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

 

 

( in thousands)

 

EBITDA

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income

 

$

24,876

 

 

$

42,008

 

Income tax expense

 

 

8,360

 

 

 

14,360

 

Interest expense, net

 

 

4,975

 

 

 

2,433

 

Depreciation

 

 

15,330

 

 

 

12,648

 

Amortization

 

 

3,185

 

 

 

3,580

 

EBITDA

 

$

56,726

 

 

$

75,029

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EBITDA margin (a)

 

 

13.0

%

 

 

14.3

%

(a) EBITDA margin is computed by dividing EBITDA by total operating revenues for each of the periods indicated.

We present EBITDA and EBITDA margin because we believe they assist investors and analysts in comparing our performance across reporting periods on a consistent basis by excluding items that we do not believe are indicative of our core operating performance.

EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool. Some of these limitations are:

• EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements, for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

• EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

• EBITDA does not reflect the significant interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debts;

• Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and

• Other companies in our industry may calculate EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Because of these limitations, EBITDA and EBITDA margin should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and only supplementally on EBITDA and EBITDA margin.